Since this study mainly deals with which feedback students have received at the end of a learning period; if they had experienced an unfair performance assessment and how they perceive these, the focus is on the collective performance assessment, however without a closer look because it would go beyond the scope of this study. \nThe students prove the reproach of unfairness with the comparison of their achievements with that of fellow students. This study does not allow any quantitative statements about unfair performance assessments. In this study the unfair performance assessment becomes only coarsely surveyed, as perceived and narrated by the students. The estimates can be only be coarse because the consulted students are not representative of course. Nevertheless some conclusions can be drawn from the results for the future dealings with performance assessments.
Back ground: Total mesorectal excision (TME) is extremely important for the prevention of local recurrence of rectal cancer ,but TME is not necessarily applicable in all cases of rectal cancer: for upper rectal cancer, mesorectal excision for limited lengths of 5 cm from a tumor toward the anal side , and this method is with adequate rates of cure so we devised a new laparoscopic procedure for sufficient TSME mesorectal excision in upper rectal cancer . Operative Technique: After mobilization of the sigmoid colon we ligated the inferior mesenteric vessels, and then we dissected the mesorectum using the LigaSure™ Maryland Jaw along the layer of the planned total mesorectal excision, Then we separated the rectal wall from the mesorectum at the anal side from the tumor,then the rectum was transected using an endoscopic linear stapler, then the rectal stump was pulled immediately toward the anal side, so the mesorectum was identified clearly.Results: This technique has been successfully conducted on 50 patients with sufficient TSME easily and accurately. Conclusion: This laparoscopic technique is reliable and a feasible procedure for achieving sufficient TSME.
Introduction: Obesity has become an epidemic disease around the world and is considered as a chronic low-grade inflammatory state due to adipose tissue inflammation and is accompanied by secretion of certain proinflammatory cytokines, subsequent systemic inflammation are observed, subsequently, insulin resistance, increasing risk of type2 diabetes. The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of weight loss following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG ) on type2 diabetes and blood cytokines in morbidly obese people.\n\nMaterials and Methods: Thirty five patients diagnosed as morbidly obese were included. Serum samples were collected from patients preoperatively and 4 months postoperatively to determine the levels of FBS ,HbA1C , tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukine 6 (IL-6), interleukine 1β (IL-1β), and interleukine 10 (IL-10) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).\nResults: Four months following operation BMI reduction and weight loss were proven. with decrease levels of FBS, HbA1C with resolution of diabetes in 28 patients.\n Also a significant decrease in serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, was observed 4 months postoperatively. On the other hand, the level of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine was significantly increased in the serum of postoperative patients when compared to preoperative ones. Conclusion: It can be concluded that weight loss following LSG was accompanied by decrease levels of FBS, HbA1C with resolution of diabetes and decrease of the serum proinflammatory cytokines and an increase of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, which led to improvement of the inflammatory response of morbidly obese people.
Saemaul Movement policy was initiated in Korea in the 1970s and has continued to be implemented up until today, though its targets and focuses have changed to a certain extent in the intervening time, reflecting changing conditions in Korea. Today, the policy is eliciting a great deal of attention from international organizations, which see it as a potentially good development model for less advanced countries. In particular, international organizations such as the UN, the OECD, and the Asian Development Bank have appreciated it as being a successful rural development policy applicable to other countries, and have called for it to be researched further and to be disseminated among less developed countries. Against this background, this article attempts to explore the ways in which the policy might effectively be transferred to other countries, and seeks to put forward suggestions beneficial to policymakers and practitioners involved with the policy in Korea. In doing so, this research employs the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) method to discover the conditions affecting the successful transfer of the Saemaul Movement policy.
The study examines the association between soft skills, well-being at work and employability,\ncontributing to the construction of program development of soft skills and support\nemployability in higher education. It was administered the questionnaire intrapersonal skills,\ninterpersonal and professional (Jardim & Pereira, 2004), inventory of employability (Duarte\n& Fraga, 2009), the scale of well-being at work (Santos & Gonçalves, 2010) and the\nsociodemographic questionnaire (Oliveira & Costa Lobo, 2013) to 53 male students aged\nbetween 18 and 53 years of computer science at the University Portucalense Infante D.\nHenrique in the academic year 2013/2014. Through the causal-comparative analysis, it was\nfound that students with work experience have a higher level of employability and well-being\nat work. By Spearman correlation, it was established that cooperation and self-fulfillment are\nlinked to employability. It was found that employability and well-being at work are related\npositively and significantly.
Telomeres are nucleotides that define destiny of eukaryotic cells and their cellular function which gets adapted in response to various stimuli. They are known to provide stability to chromosomes and protect DNA from degradation. Shortening of telomere length due to genetic, physical, chemical or epigenetic factors exacerbate cell’s fate, inducing aging. Review of literature shows significant contribution of telomere length in the process of aging and age related diseases like type II diabetes, cardio vascular diseases (CVD) etc. It is well documented that shortening of telomeres leads to cell senescence engendering detrimental effect on longevity of individuals. Dynamics of telomere length also show a decrease in the immune response causing immune aging. Decrease in telomerase and alternate lengthening of telomere (ALT) activities are other important contributing factors for age associated disorders. The activity of telomerase and ALT also commandeer vast majority of cancers. Oxidative stress had also been shown to impose a profound effect on the shortening of telomere length predisposing the individual to disease morbidity and mortality. Recent information regarding the telomeropathies provides a challenging opportunity to study the impact of telomere length on the course of disease. The present review is an attempt to provide comprehensive information regarding the telomere length, telomerase and the probable mechanisms involved within different tissues associated with aging.