The silica nanoparticles prepared by stober’s mechanism by reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) with ammonia was tested for their adsorption capacity in the pre-concentration of residues of pesticides in water. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The size of the silica nanoparticles were 50 to 250 nm. The solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were prepared by filling the empty cartridges of 5.5 cm length and 0.3 cm i.d. with 200 mg of nanoparticles and protected between two polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) frits. To avoid the passage of nanoparticles, 2% solution of polystyrene in chloroform was passed through PTFE frits and dried in air for two hours at room temperature before fitted into the cartridges. This process is to reduce the pore size of the PTFE frits. These cartridges are used in pre-concentration of different types of residues of pesticides in water. The pyrethroids tested for the pre-concentration are transfluthrin, metofluthrin, esbiothrin. The water samples were spiked with aliquots of pesticides and were passed through the cartridges. The amounts of the pesticides adsorbed on the cartridges were tested. The influence of temperature, sample volume, flow rate, pH and ionic strength on the performance of the cartridges was checked. The results of fortified sample analysis were compared with the data obtained from the commercially available C18 cartridges for the sample volume. The separation parameters were established for the simultaneous determination of residues using GC-EI-MS. The method was validated by means of linearity, precision, and assay accuracy. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were established based on the signal to noise ratio 3:1 and 10:1 respectively. An analytical method for the enrichment of residues using nanoparticles based SPE cartridges were developed and factors influencing the pre-concentration of residues of pyrethroids were studied and reported.

The current research has aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of Annona reticulate methanolic leaves extract(ARME)on the progression of adjuvant induced arthritis in Wistar rats. ARME was obtained by bioactivity guided fraction by 5-Lipooxygenase inhibitory activity.The ARME was administrated orally at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight for 35 days to the experimental animals.Arthritis was induced on day 8 by a single intra-plantar injection of 0.1 ml suspension of heat killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (100 μg/animal) in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant of left foot pads of female Wistar rats. The anti-arthritic activity extract was screened by measuring hind limb paw volume, biochemical and haematological parameters, pathological and radiography changes. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and inflammatory mediators PGE2, LTB4 was measured in serum samples on day 35. The stabilizing ability of lipid peroxide and activities of enzymatic antioxidants catalase,superoxide dismutase (SOD) and non-enzymatic antioxidants reduced glutathione (GSH)levels were measured in liver.Treated groups ARME 100 and 200 mg/kg and prednisolone 10 mg/kg significantly decreased hind paw volume, diminished serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE2 and LTB4, reduced MDA levels and increased levels of catalase, SOD and GSH levels in liver and promising results of serum biochemistry, haematology, histopathology and radiographic changes suggests the administration of ARME was effective in modulating the inflammatory response and conquer the advancement of arthritis in experimental animal model. The safety of ARME was established (LD50>2000 mg/kg) by acute oral toxicity limit test according to OECD guideline 423. These findings may help to improve the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: \nBone Marrow Mesenchymal stem cell Soup is promising tools for the treatment of degenerative diseases via a variety of secreted factors. Morphine is used widely to treat severe pain in some medical conditions including cancer. Previous studies have shown conflicting reports about the effect of morphine on the proliferation and growth of cell lines. The aim of the present study was determining the effect of mBM soup on Morphine induced cell death in PC12, U87, AGS and MCF-7 cell lines. \nMethods: After confirming and harvesting the mBMSC cells, mBMSC condition medium as mBM Soup, was prepared. Briefly, mBMSCs cells were culture in DMEM culture medium, culture medium was replaced every 2 or 3 days about 2 weeks. When cell reached to 80% confluency, the medium were changed by fresh DMEM free serum and 0.2% BSA culture medium. The cells maintained for 24h or 48h. Then, the condition mediums were harvested as mBM soup (mBM soup 24 and mBM soup 48h, respectively). One day after plating the PC12, U87, MCF-7 and AGS cells, cells were washed with PBS. There six treatments. Treatment1: 1mM Morphine, Treatment2: control cells, Treatment3: mBM Soup 24h, Treatment4: mBM Soup 24h together with 1mM Morphine, Treatment5: mBM Soup 48h and Treatment6: mBM Soup 48h together with 1mM Morphine. To investigate the effect of mBM soup on cell lines, morphological changes were studied with inverted microscope, the viability of cells was determined with trypan blue staining and MTT assay, the type of cell death was determined using Hoescht / PI staining, and NO secretion analysis. \nResults: Viability assay showed that mBM soup (24 and 48h) in time dependent increased cell viability (p<0.05) and also Cell death assay showed that cell death time dependent decreased (p<0.05). TNL and f% significantly were increased compared with treatment1 (p<0.05).\nDiscussion: Our findings suggest that mBM soup can enhance the proliferation and growth of cell lines and can suppress cell death induction by Morphine.

Background: \nBone Marrow Mesenchymal stem cell Soup is promising tools for the treatment of degenerative diseases via a variety of secreted factors. Morphine is used widely to treat severe pain in some medical conditions including cancer. Previous studies have shown conflicting reports about the effect of morphine on the proliferation and growth of cell lines. The aim of the present study was determining the effect of mBM soup on Morphine induced cell death in PC12, U87, AGS and MCF-7 cell lines. \nMethods: After confirming and harvesting the mBMSC cells, mBMSC condition medium as mBM Soup, was prepared. Briefly, mBMSCs cells were culture in DMEM culture medium, culture medium was replaced every 2 or 3 days about 2 weeks. When cell reached to 80% confluency, the medium were changed by fresh DMEM free serum and 0.2% BSA culture medium. The cells maintained for 24h or 48h. Then, the condition mediums were harvested as mBM soup (mBM soup 24 and mBM soup 48h, respectively). One day after plating the PC12, U87, MCF-7 and AGS cells, cells were washed with PBS. There six treatments. Treatment1: 1mM Morphine, Treatment2: control cells, Treatment3: mBM Soup 24h, Treatment4: mBM Soup 24h together with 1mM Morphine, Treatment5: mBM Soup 48h and Treatment6: mBM Soup 48h together with 1mM Morphine. To investigate the effect of mBM soup on cell lines, morphological changes were studied with inverted microscope, the viability of cells was determined with trypan blue staining and MTT assay, the type of cell death was determined using Hoescht / PI staining, and NO secretion analysis. \nResults: Viability assay showed that mBM soup (24 and 48h) in time dependent increased cell viability (p<0.05) and also Cell death assay showed that cell death time dependent decreased (p<0.05). TNL and f% significantly were increased compared with treatment1 (p<0.05).\nDiscussion: Our findings suggest that mBM soup can enhance the proliferation and growth of cell lines and can suppress cell death induction by Morphine.

In the present article, the psychological aspects of the development and process of coordination between 6-8 years old children’s musical hearing and vocal apparatus are considered, among which an important role is played by such cognitive processes as music perception, representation of musical hearing, musical thinking, musical memory and self-control. This research aims at studying the psychological aspects of the process of coordination of musical hearing and vocal apparatus between 6-8 years old children. Music perception and representations of musical hearing have a great influence on the development of a child’s musical hearing and vocal apparatus. They are directly related to the intonation of the music material and performance of muscles of the vocal apparatus. Musical thinking is developed through the sense and perception of music, which ensures the development of children’s creativity and logical reasoning. The musical thinking of 6-8 years old children lacks the conscious element which is a distinction between the similar and the dissimilar. An analysis of the sounding information and the synthesis of an ideal expression for the sounding phenomenon are carried out unconsciously. Musical memory is a complex set of different kinds of memory; it is universal and is expressed while imitating a known melody, during the process of children playing music or singing. During the process of intonation, children learn to listen to themselves and learn to control the precision of intonation with the help of hearing. Self-control helps to regulate the process of phonation with the help of sensations – hearing, muscular, resonator (vibrating).

The objective of the study is to create a comprehensive framework for computing weights attributed to individual factors of loyalty and job satisfaction of software developers. A two-stage survey was conducted. The data analysis is based on the consistency-driven pairwise comparisons method. The findings add new knowledge that can be used by managers of a software developing organization to better understand loyalty and job satisfaction. It may help to improve the allocation of human resources and enhance the software development process.

In the recent years, the demand of the positioning\nsystems has been increased significantly. For this reason, various\nstudies and projects related to positioning field have arisen. In\naddition, the appearance of the new technologies (Wireless,\nBluetooth, femtocell...etc.) and the development of the operating\nsystems (IOS, Android...etc.) ease the way to build more\npositioning systems in outdoor and indoor environments. Indoor\nenvironments. Outdoor positioning system is represented by\nGlobal Navigation System (GPS), which is a used satellite to\nachieve the positing operation in all type of weathers, anywhere\nin the earth except the indoor environments such as (Buildings,\nmalls, houses, etc.) due to the needs of this technology to line of\nsight between the transmitter and the receiver, and the signal\nstrength is weak and cancelled by the buildings structure. So, for\nindoor environments another technology is needed to achieve\ngood positioning system. In the recent years various indoor\npositioning systems has emerged using different technologies\nsome of which need extra equipment to be setup and some no\nneed to any extra equipment and use the already existing\ninfrastructure of the environment such the Wi-Fi based indoor\npositioning system. Wi-Fi based indoors positioning system based\non the received signal strength (RSS) has gained more interest\nand popularity in the recent years specially when the wireless\ntechnology has been wide spread technology and embedded in\nvarious devices such as (mobile phone, tablet, Pc, and etc.). Some\nstudies and researches have implemented some localization\nalgorithm, which assists in positioning algorithm such K nearest\nneighbor, Euclidean Distance, Clustering algorithm and etc.\nFinally, This dissertation is an overview of the existing indoor\npositioning technologies and techniques that implemented to\nachieve a positioning process. The main aim of this paper is to\nfind the idealist simulation system to simulate Wi-Fi based indoor\npositioning system and make multi compressions in case of\nexpanding the test area for multi times and show the role of the\nclustering algorithm in getting more accurate position estimation\nwith less execution time and clarify the affect of the number of\nthe access points to the positioning process.

In this present competitive scenario, overall manufacturing cost and machine productivity plays a major role in achieving desired results of steel processing industry. Selection of right machine/equipment at right place and at right conditions, will enhance company overall performance in all aspects. Machine/equipment leanness refers to achieving enormous results with trivial inputs, which may be measured in terms of machine productivity, reliability and maintainability. Measuring of machine leanness is very critical and will become a major perceptive in a long range sustainability of the manufacturing firm. Lean equipment evaluation with critical attributes of operating cost, productivity, usability capacity and quality are applied to identify performance level of equipment and consider for progressive improvements. This research focus on measuring of equipment leanness based on newly proposed integrated multi criteria group decision making approach which utilizes Neutrosopic Set Theories best suits for practical environment.

The boost in suburban development has occurred as an outcome of various factors, leading to an extensive increase in mobility needs for housing and commuting. These travel needs were mostly covered through the private automobile, developing high traffic flows and jams in the peri-urban environment. In order to tackle with the above demands and decrease the public cost of road infrastructure among other issues, many countries are applying charging methods (such as tolls, congestion pricing etc.) to the users of the interurban street network. This approach raises a number of issues and finds numerous supporters and dissenters, as it is strongly doubted if charging practically decreases traffic and whether it excludes road users according to income criteria and housing location. \nThis paper aims to deal with the potential impacts of urban toll systems applied in highway road segments, on the local network of the adjacent residential areas. The research was centered at a local part of the Attica ring road that links the North-East Athenian suburbs with the city center, passing through numerous emerging suburbs. The key enquiry of the paper is whether the application of congestion charges in the studied segments would burden the local street network of the neighboring suburbs, as users would try to bypass the toll roads and use alternative connections. \nThe study looked in depth the suggested plans for the development of an integrated urban toll system in North- East Attica and explored the potential traffic impacts prior to the development. Quantitative and qualitative mobility indicators were taken into account and traffic capacity of the local networks was examined thoroughly. Moreover, potential land use, planning and environmental impacts were researched in the buffer zones among the ring road and the suburbs.