BACKGROUND: There is a need for a practical, inexpensive method to assess body composition in primary school students. In this study, we aimed to compare elementary school boys’ (10-13 age group) body composition who exercise and do not exercise by the method of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). METHODS: A total of 38 male primary school students participated in the study. The experimental group consisted of 22 male students with an average age of 11.27 ± 0.63 years, average height of 142.7 ± 8.06 cm, and average weight of 37.95 ± 7.68 kg, who regularly practiced football for 2 hours a day, 3 days a week. The control group comprised 16 male students with an average age of 11.87 ± 1.40 years, average height of 147.0 ± 10.99 cm, and average weight of 37.55 ± 11.04 kg, who did not exercise regularly. Both groups' body compositions were evaluated by the method of bioelectrical impedance analysis. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the body mass index of the experimental and control groups (p<0.001), resistance measurement value, and the phase angle (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: Regular exercise has a positive effect on the body composition of children.

Background: In many cases of breast cancer, the aberrant methylation of the TP53 gene leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and apoptosis inhibition. Furthermore, expression of oncogenes controlled by the P53 protein could be altered, with survivin being a notable example due to its role in tumorigenesis, drug resistance, and apoptosis inhibition. Some herbal compounds can potentially affect gene methylation status and expression levels. Due to their natural origins and fewer side effects, herbal medicines have attracted interest in cancer therapy. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effect of dichloromethane extracts of the Scrophularia plant on the MCF-7 cell line was assessed in our previous study. This study utilized cell death ELISA and TUNEL tests to investigate apoptosis in treated cells. MSP was employed to assess changes in the methylation status of the TP53 gene promoter. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate changes in TP53 and survivin gene expression. Results: Cell death ELISA and TUNEL assays confirmed apoptosis occurrence. The MSP test revealed a significant change in the methylation status of the TP53 promoter. QRT-PCR showed increased TP53 gene expression in treated cells, while a significant decrease in survivin mRNA was observed. Conclusion: Dichloromethane extract of S. atropatana reversed TP53 gene promoter hypermethylation to a normal state. This plant could be a promising source for producing epi-drugs due to its apoptotic effects and reversal of TP53 epigenetic alterations.

Researchers throughout the years have been searching for methods to improve the available technologies to ease the users worldwide. In medical industries, researchers have made many improvements and development in medical equipment’s to ease the medical professionals in serving patients. This work is the continuation of the previous research work in providing complete set of data for analysis on human behavior to set an accurate threshold for device detection. In this work, heart rate is monitored to all age groups for both genders wirelessly from remote locations. Results shown that these various age group is giving average reading that complies to the benchmark reading and is able to provide the necessary threshold value for future device improvement and enhancement.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the major allium crops grown in the highlands of Bale, southeastern Ethiopia. Rust, caused by Puccinia allii, is the most important disease affecting garlic in these areas. This study investigates the optimum spray frequency of the fungicide Nativo SC 300 (Trifloxystrobin 100g/l + Tebuconazole 200g/l) for effective control of this pathogen. Conducted at the Sinana Agricultural Research Center in Ethiopia, the experiment employed three different spray frequencies: five times at weekly intervals, three times bi-weekly, and twice every three weeks, starting at disease onset. Utilizing a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, the study found that the lowest rust severity (1%) was observed in plots treated weekly, while maximum severity (83.3%) occurred in untreated plots. Fungicide-treated plots yielded significantly higher total bulb yields than untreated controls. Notably, the highest yield (13.92 t/ha) and net benefit were achieved with three applications at 14-day intervals. This suggests that applying Nativo SC 300 thrice bi-weekly from the onset of rust results in optimal yield and economic return.

Hidden Markov models (HMM) are a fundamental tool in statistical modeling for prediction and recognition tasks. This paper extends the understanding of HMMs by focusing on cases where observations are continuous, such as real numbers or vectors, instead of discrete values. While the states in HMMs remain discrete, incorporating continuous observations significantly enhances the model's capability to solve complex problems. The research presented here delves into HMMs characterized by single probabilistic distributions and explores mixture HMMs, where observations are described by a mixture model of partial probability density functions. The paper provides mathematical proofs and practical techniques crucial for implementing continuously observational HMMs, thereby offering a comprehensive tutorial for researchers seeking to deepen their understanding and application of these models.

Nano-SiO2 was extracted successfully from rice husk ash. The obtained SiO2 powders exhibited a monoclinic crystal system, mesoporous structure, and a large specific surface area of 258.3 m2/g, with particle sizes ranging from 10 to 15 nm. Incorporating Nano-SiO2 derived from rice husk ash significantly enhances the compressive strength of reactive powder concrete with varying contents of SiO2 (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% of cement weight) and different water-to-cement ratios (0.23, 0.25, 0.35, and 0.48). Notably, when the Nano-SiO2 content was 9%, the compressive strength of the concrete reached the highest values across all the researched water-to-cement ratios. Specifically, at a water-to-cement ratio of 0.25 and a Nano-SiO2 content of 9%, the compressive strength peaked at 112.5 MPa. Furthermore, at a water-to-cement ratio of 0.48 and the same Nano-SiO2 content, the impact on the mixture was most pronounced, with a compressive strength increase of 33.5%.