Determining the presence of carbofuran in agro-ecosystems is crucial due to its potential negative impacts on the environment and public health. This study aims to identify the presence and use of carbofuran using molecular markers in soil samples affected by pesticide residues. Although carbofuran is not currently in use, understanding its historical presence is important for soil management. We conducted microbial isolation, mcd gene amplification, enzymatic assays, UV-vis spectroscopy, and physicochemical soil characterization. Our results identified Pseudomonas sp. as the most prevalent microorganism. While the mcd gene was not amplified in the samples, an enzyme with a molecular weight of 70-85 kDa was detected in samples S5 and S7. UV-vis spectra revealed maximum absorbance at 254 nm in samples S1, S3, and S7. These enzymatic and spectroscopic findings suggest the potential utility of these methods for detecting carbofuran residues in agro-ecosystem soils.
Coumarin and its derivatives have garnered significant interest in pharmacological and pharmaceutical research due to their wide range of biological activities. This study focuses on the synthesis of a series of novel heterocyclic compounds incorporating a pyridazine moiety, derived from 6-amino-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one. These compounds (2-14) were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial properties. The structural integrity of the synthesized compounds was confirmed through spectral and elemental analysis. Additionally, four of these compounds were tested for anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema method in rats. Results indicated that these coumarin derivatives not only decreased edema volume and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α but also enhanced the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, suggesting potential therapeutic applications.
In this paper, we investigate the splitting graph of the family of bipartite graphs, focusing on paths and cycles as even sum cordial graphs. We prove that several classes of graphs, including Pm(+)Kn, (Kn[Pm) + 2K1, hW(1)n, W(2)\nn i, Bn;n, S(Bn;n), Helm graph Hn, and Flower graph Fln, are even sum cordial graphs. These findings expand the understanding of graph labeling and its applications, offering new insights into the structural properties of these graphs. The study also highlights the mathematical intricacies involved in cordial labeling and its potential use in network theory and combinatorial optimization.
Background and Purpose: Anxiety and depression disorders (ADD) have the highest overall prevalence rate among psychiatric disorders, particularly in young females. These disorders are disabling, distressing, and significantly impact quality of life. This study aimed to compare the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and physical therapy (PT) on female students with mild to moderate anxiety and depression. Methods: Forty female students, aged 18 to 25 years (mean age 21±0.75), were randomly assigned into two equal groups: physical exercises therapy (PT) (group A; n=20) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) (group B; n=20). Assessments were conducted before and after an 8-week treatment program using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS 21). Results: Both groups showed improvements in DASS21 scores (stress, anxiety, and depression) with P=0.0001, and in IPAQ continuous scoring with P=0.02, but not in the categorical scoring (P=0.37) in group B. Although greater improvement was observed in the PT group (group A) for anxiety (P=0.02), continuous (P=0.001), and categorical (P=0.008) scoring, no significant difference was found between the two groups in stress (P=0.43) and depression (P=0.32) scores. However, mean differences in the PT group scores were higher than those in the CBT group. Conclusions: Both PT and CBT effectively improved manifestations of anxiety and depression in young females with mild to moderate anxiety and depression, with PT showing greater efficacy in managing anxiety.
Well-designed circulation and use of effective space in urban markets are key elements in their success as they directly or indirectly influence operational costs. Well-designed spaces provide numerous benefits such as enhanced security, higher economic returns, improved legibility, and reduced congestion, leading to better market functionality. Hasan Market, located near Bandar Bazaar in Sylhet, holds significant importance due to its strategic location, historical background, and commercial value for visitors, primarily middle-class and low-income individuals, as well as the Sylhet City Corporation (SCC). However, the market faces challenges related to space use conflicts, circulation patterns, lighting, ventilation, drainage systems, shop layouts, and service facilities. This study aims to address these spatial challenges to ensure effective market functionality. It proposes a redevelopment strategy that resolves space use conflicts through design and other planning interventions.
Water is a crucial resource in the Algerian Sahara, sustaining life in its arid environment. In the oasis of Beni Abbes, farmers have historically relied on groundwater for irrigation and urban supply. However, the palm grove area has diminished by over 50% due to various factors including groundwater overexploitation via unregulated pumping, increased salinity of water and soil, and socio-economic challenges such as land inheritance and agricultural inefficiencies. Traditional water management techniques, such as foggaras, shadoof wells, and open channels, have been integral to the region's sustainability. This study evaluates the current state of the oasis and assesses the impacts of modern irrigation practices on its water resources and soil conditions.