Coumarin and their derivatives have drawn much attention in the pharmacological and pharmaceutical fields due to their broad range and diverse biological activities. In the present work, starting from the 6-amino-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one, series of some new heterocyclic compounds (2-14) incorporating coumarin moiety was synthesized and assessed for their anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema method. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral and elemental analysis. Four newly synthesized compounds were tested for its anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan induced rat paw edema. The tested coumarin derivatives not only reduce the edema volume and serum levels of the pro inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, but also have effects on promoting production of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10.

In this paper, we investigate the splitting graph of the family of bipartite graphs, paths and cycles are even sum cordial graphs and proved several classes of graphs such that Pm(+)Kn,(Kn[Pm) + 2K1,hW(1)n ;W(2)\nn i, Bn;n,S(Bn;n),Helm graph Hn and Flower graph Fln are even sum\ncordial graphs.

Background and Purpose: Anxiety and depression disorders (ADD) have the highest overall prevalence rate among psychiatric disorders especially in young females. Its manifestations are disabling, distressing and have a substantial negative impact on quality of life. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy and physical therapy on female students with mild to moderate anxiety and depression.\nMethods: Forty volunteer female students participated in this study with mild to moderate anxiety and depression. Their ages ranges from 18 to 25 years with mean (21±0.75). Participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups: physical exercises therapy (PT) (group A); n= (20) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); n= (20) (group B). Assessment performed before and after treatment program using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS 21). Treatment was provided for 8 weeks, 5 days per week of PT program and one session per week of CBT program. \nResults: both groups showed an improvement from pre to post treatment results in DASS21 (stress, anxiety and depression) P= 0.0001; and IPAQ continuous scoring P=0.02 but not the categorical scoring P= 0.37 in GB only. Although there was more improvement in patients received (PT) program (GA) in anxiety P=0.02, continuous P= 0.001and categorical P= 0.008 scoring, no significant difference between both groups in stress P= 0.43and depression P= 0.32 scores were observed, but the mean differences of PT group scores were higher than CBT group.\nConclusions: both PT and CBT are effective in improving manifestations of anxiety and depression in young females with mild to moderate anxiety and depression. However, physical exercises were proven to be more effective in management of anxiety more than depression and stress compared to cognitive behavioral therapy.

Well-designed circulation and use of effective space in urban markets are a key element in their success as it directly or indirectly influence the cost of operation therein. Consequently well-designed spaces accrue many benefits such as security, higher economic returns, better legibility and reduced congestion hence better market functionality. Hasan market (located near Bandar bazaar, Sylhet) has great significance for its suitable position, historical background and commercial importance equally for visitors (mainly middle class and low income people) and SCC (Sylhet City Corporation). Still this market has continued to experience space use conflict with incidences of its development and circulation pattern, lighting-ventilation, drainage system, shops layout and service facility especially within and around the market area. This study thus wishes to address these problems of space use to ensure effective functionality of the market; then it intends to develop a form of solving conflict in space use by redevelopment proposal along with exploring design and other planning intervention.

Water plays a major role in the Algerian Sahara; it is the main cause of sustaining life of all living in an arid environment. Farmers in Beni Abbes exploiting groundwater for irrigation and to supply the urban center of the oasis, now the size of the palm grove of Beni Abbes shrink by over 50%, that is to say from 40 hectares to 20 hectares only, the oasis suffers from several causes of degradation, which are many: the overexploitation of groundwater aquifers by the anarchical use of pumps and boreholes, salinity of water and soil after the lowering of the groundwater level, the narrowness of the land due to inheritance, the negligence of the earth by the youth due to lack of their production efficiency. The fellahs of the oasis used several traditional techniques to bring water from the groundwater aquifers to its land and dwellings, as foggaras, the pendulum wells (shadoof wells), the accumulations basins and open channels (seguias).\nOur objective of this work is to study the current state of the oasis and the impact of the use of modern irrigation systems on water and soil of the oasis.