It was a comparative study about MPhil and PhD programmes in public and private universities in Khyberpakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The population was all the recognized universities in Pakistan. The data was collected from the Head of the education departments of the 06 sampled universities. The tool used was interview. Data was analyzed and findings were drawn. The study concluded that public universities were better in facilities provision and faculty/staff members. Private universities were students centered and more research oriented. The study recommended that there should be a public private partnership in universities and both sectors should focus on good quality education by applying modern teaching practices and access to modern technologies.

Ankle sprains are the \'most common sports injury in the following disciplines: basketball with 31.5%, the stock with 19.2%, the\' Athletics with 13,43%, volleyball with 13, 7% and gymnastics with 7.95%.(1) About l \'85% of all ankle sprains involving the side structures of\' articulation. Statistically, the peroneal ligament-talar-front is the weakest of the ankle ligaments.(2) The main objective after the ankle sprain will be to restore full of articulation capabilities, through the execution of a proper treatment and a proper rehabilitation of athlete, be it professional or amateur, to prevent joint instability or laxity ligament and the consequent abandonment of the sport. The objectives to be achieved by the rieducation are: recovery of ROM, recovery of muscle strength, recovery of proprioception and joint stability, finally recovery of athletic movement.(3)

The thymus contains a low frequency of B cells, about 0.1–0.5% of total population of thymocytes that were shown to contribute in thymic negative selection. The fact that B cells in the periphery have been contributed in the generation of the T regulatory cell compartment emerged the idea that this process may indeed be initiated firstly within the thymus. The results of this study revealed that activated thymic B cells maintained the high percentage of nTreg generation or counteracted the decrease of this percentage observed in non-activated culture, and both activators (LPS and IMQ) have the same effect in the process of nTreg generation by B cells. In addition, the activated cultures showed increase of the level of expression of Foxp3 transcription factor. In this study we confirmed that thymic B cells in the condition of our experiments did not influence the generation of nTregs, but rather maintain their viability when activated by both activators

The backbone of any business is employee. The firm’s success or otherwise depends on the performance of its employees. Hence, top management is much aware of the significance of investing in training and development in order to improve the performance of employees. The purpose of this study is to find out how training and development impacts on employee’s performance. Data collection is done using the questionnaire and the simple random sampling method. With the use of the Regression method for data analysis, it can undoubtedly be seen from the results that proper training and development has a significant impact on reducing employees’ turnover, increasing the employees’ job satisfaction and morale as well as contributing to higher productivity and financial returns to the organization.

Abstract: A new theorem on the approximation of almost Lipα function by Kλ –summability method of Fourier series. \n1.INTRODUCTION \nIn 1935, first time, Karamata [5] introduced Kλ – summability method. In 1963, special case for λ=1 of this method has been reintroduced by Lotosky [8].Further studies of this and similar methods took place due to contribution of Agnew [1] on evalution of series. Vuĉkoviĉ [14] studie Fourier series by Karamata method (Kλ). Karthal [4] extended Vuĉkoviĉ result. Working in the same direction Ojha [9], Tripathi & Lal [13], Lal [17] Lal & Pratap [6] have generalised Katahal’s result on Kλ -summability of Fourier series under general conditions. The degree of approximation by Cesáro mean and Nörlund means of a function f∈ Lipα has been determined by number of researches like Alexits [2], Sahney & Goel [12], Chandra [3], Qureshi [10], Qureshi & Nema [11]. But till now nothing seems to have been done for the degree of approximation of a function belonging to almost Lipschitz class, denoted by Liapα, by Kλ –summability means. Almost Lipα class is a generalization of Lipα class. The purpose of this paper is to determine the approximation of almost Lipschitz function by Karamata (kλ) method.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hyperactivity and attention deficit disorders (ADHD) with comorbid conditions and its affecting factors in school children aged 7-15 from families of different socio-economic status in Kayseri, Turkey.\nMethods: This cross-sectional parent-based study involved 2045 students from 7 different primary schools in Kayseri was carried out between February and April 2012. Data was collected by Child and Adolescent Behaviour Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S) based on DSM-IV and Demographic Data Form. In the statistical analyses Student t-test and ANOVA were employed. \nResults: According to the statements of parent 6.2 % of the students had ADHD symptoms. The most common comorbidity conditions were behaviour disorder (BD: 14.4 %) followed by oppositional defiant disorder (ODD: 6.7 %). The prevalence and severity of ADHD were significantly higher in children boys, with housewife mothers and from families with low educated and low monthly income. In addition hyperactivity was significantly higher in children aged 7-12, while BD was higher in ones aged 13-15.\nConclusions: Our findings suggested that the prevalence of ADHD was similar with the pooled worldwide prevalence. Adverse family factors are closely associated with prevalent and degree of ADHD. It was significantly higher in children boys, with housewife mothers and from parent with low level education and low monthly income. The awareness and informing of the parents on ADHD may be an important strategy for early recognition and treatment of the problem.

The adverse ecological conditions caused to the commercial Sea breams: Diplodus sargus sargus L., Rhabdosargus sarba F., and Crenidens crenidens F., fish was observed due to the increase in wastewater pollution. Using DESCAR-3.2 software program, trace metals trajectories from the drain outfalls was modeled besides, the assessment of static toxicity and bioaccumulation tests in the laboratory. The wastewater discharged from seven drain outfalls (SI-SVII) showed high trace metals sequence (Zn>Fe>Cu>Pb>Cr>As>Hg) during winter than in the summer seasons. Toxicity tests showed high trace metals sensitivity in the sequence of C. crenidens>D. sargus>R. sarba. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) >1 in these fish exposed for 30d indicated significant trace metals accumulation from wastewater. Fish indicating BAF <1 suggested the trace metals in their body parts was due to the adsorption process or through victuals. This novel multidimensional study not only labelled the sampled fish species as bio-indicator and bio-accumulator to wastewater pollution but also, validated the specific seasonal orientation and dispersion of wastewater into the marine environment unlike earlier findings in the region.

A study was carried out on the assessment of heavy metals (Ni, V, Se, Cu) in fish species Channa obscura and Lates niloticus in Alaro Stream in Ibadan. The objective of the study was to appraise the heavy metal concentration in the organs of the two studied fish species and to compare it with safety standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). Pulverized organs of the fish were acid-digested for heavy metal analyses using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The mean concentration of Ni, Se and V in the fish species exceeded the WHO permissible limit guideline standard of 0.07, 0.04 and 0.02ppm respectively. In C. obscura, the highest mean Ni was 1.24ppm (gut) , while the least was in the intestine (0.11ppm) in the order: intestine75% of the mean heavy metal concentration in the organs and tissues of C.obscura and L. niloticus were above the World Health Organization’s recommended safe limit and therefore not fit for human consumption.

An appraisal was carried out on the heavy metals in the fish Sarotherodon melanotheron and Sarotherodon galilaeus from Alaro Stream in Ibadan. The study was carried out because fish is a major source of affordable protein for the ever growing global human population. The concentration of heavy metals in the aquatic ecosystem as a result of human activities at any given time portend a health risk for consumers of fish and its products. A total of fifty fish comprising S. melanotheron (25) and S. galileaus (25) were collected from the study area. Dissected and pulverized fish organ samples were acid-digested in Teflon tubes for analyses using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The mean Ni in the liver, gut and fins of both fish exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) limit guideline (0.07ppm). All the mean Se concentration in the organs of the two fish were all above the WHO limit guideline of 0.04ppm. With the exception of the muscle (0.01ppm) in S. galilaeus, all the other mean V concentration in the organs of the two fish were higher than the limit guideline of 0.02ppm while there is no current value for Mn and Co. The study shows that organs of S. galilaeus and S. melanotheron had V, Ni and Se above the World Health Organization’s limit guidelines thereby making the fish unfit for human consumption as long as the effluents discharged into the stream remain untreated. Continuous biomonitoring of the aquatic ecosystem for heavy metal pollution is recommended.

Brake drum is one of the important components of braking system in automotive applications. Brakes of an automobile generally fail when the working stress exceeds the maximum permissible stress and excessive heating of brake drum. Heat remained in drum without being released is key parameter for failure of brake drum. Weight of brake drum is another key parameter which is to be considered. In this paper, these two parameters are satisfied by modifying the brake drum into rectangular and triangular finned brake drum by converting the one fourth height into the annular rectangular and triangular fins. The rate of heat transfer and fin effectiveness are calculated theoretically. The model is then designed in CATIA V5R17 software and the heat flow and temperature gradient along the surface are analyzed using two different materials for brake drum i.e. grey cast iron and aluminum 6061,temper t6 by using ANSYS R16.0 software and the results are compared.

In the present work we prime the notion that DNA is an information processing system, receiving – registering – transferring information. In the pursuit of an inherent logic in DNA functioning, we explore the possibility that quantum logic might serve this purpose. We use the quantum formalism to describe the DNA dynamics and as a byproduct we obtain the DNA vacuum. The DNA vacuum, in clear analogy to the quantum vacuum, is a collection of virtual DNA bases. An essential aspect of the DNA functioning is the complementarity relation R, which binds the pairs A-T, G-C, and generates the replication process. Further in an effort to codify DNA, we introduce Gödel’s numbering for a DNA strand, assigning a specific natural number to each individual strand. This numbering allows a quantitative measure of the difference among the various DNA strands. Considering also that the four DNA bases constitute an “alphabet”, we may assume the task to examine if DNA is a “language”.

Back ground: To determine the best and appropriate time of the circumcision we compared the late complications of this procedure between patients who are in different age groups. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted in all the patients referred for circumcision complications. They divided according to age ranges of circumcision performed age to four groups ( neonate, infant, child and adolescent) by the author, during the period May 2010 to December 2013 at a urology clinic. All late complications that obtained from them analyzed and compared between these groups.\nResults:Overall 120 cases of patients were enrolled. Mean age of neonates , infants, children ,and adolescent were14 ± 2.5 days , 4 ± 1.5 months,6± 0.5 years ,and 14± 1.8 years respectively. All of them have been circumcised by classic method. The most common complication was meatal stenosis in 15 (12.5%) and it was also more prevalent in neonates 8 (29.62%) . Traditional (medically untrained) circumcisers were responsible for 85% of the complications and almost. Conclusion: The ratio of late complications of circumcision is significantly higher in neonates and infants as compared to children and adolescent.The results of this study showed for prevention of developing postoperative complications, the appropriate age of circumcision is child, and adolescent. For prevention of debilitating and prolonged complications, It should only be performed in medical institutions by suitably trained surgeons.

Since the usage of wind energy as a renewable energy source is increasing fast, there is a need to keep wind turbines connected to the grid during different grid faults. In this paper, a simple way for improving low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability of variable speed wind turbines (WTs) equipped with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is presented. The proposed strategy consists of a series Superconducting Fault Current Limiter(SFCL) with DC link capacitor and an added PID controller to rotor-side converter(RSC) control process and a conventional pitch angle controller. To highlight the proposed technique, a DFIG is considered as a wind turbine generator. The whole system is simulated in Simulink/ Matlab software. The obtained results ensure that this way is effective in decreasing the fault currents and DC link voltage fluctuations. The voltage dip characteristics are discussed in accordance with international standards for wind turbines.