A study was carried out on the assessment of heavy metals (Ni, V, Se, Cu) in fish species Channa obscura and Lates niloticus in Alaro Stream in Ibadan. The objective of the study was to appraise the heavy metal concentration in the organs of the two studied fish species and to compare it with safety standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). Pulverized organs of the fish were acid-digested for heavy metal analyses using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The mean concentration of Ni, Se and V in the fish species exceeded the WHO permissible limit guideline standard of 0.07, 0.04 and 0.02ppm respectively. In C. obscura, the highest mean Ni was 1.24ppm (gut) , while the least was in the intestine (0.11ppm) in the order: intestine75% of the mean heavy metal concentration in the organs and tissues of C.obscura and L. niloticus were above the World Health Organization’s recommended safe limit and therefore not fit for human consumption.

An appraisal was carried out on the heavy metals in the fish Sarotherodon melanotheron and Sarotherodon galilaeus from Alaro Stream in Ibadan. The study was carried out because fish is a major source of affordable protein for the ever growing global human population. The concentration of heavy metals in the aquatic ecosystem as a result of human activities at any given time portend a health risk for consumers of fish and its products. A total of fifty fish comprising S. melanotheron (25) and S. galileaus (25) were collected from the study area. Dissected and pulverized fish organ samples were acid-digested in Teflon tubes for analyses using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The mean Ni in the liver, gut and fins of both fish exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) limit guideline (0.07ppm). All the mean Se concentration in the organs of the two fish were all above the WHO limit guideline of 0.04ppm. With the exception of the muscle (0.01ppm) in S. galilaeus, all the other mean V concentration in the organs of the two fish were higher than the limit guideline of 0.02ppm while there is no current value for Mn and Co. The study shows that organs of S. galilaeus and S. melanotheron had V, Ni and Se above the World Health Organization’s limit guidelines thereby making the fish unfit for human consumption as long as the effluents discharged into the stream remain untreated. Continuous biomonitoring of the aquatic ecosystem for heavy metal pollution is recommended.

Brake drum is one of the important components of braking system in automotive applications. Brakes of an automobile generally fail when the working stress exceeds the maximum permissible stress and excessive heating of brake drum. Heat remained in drum without being released is key parameter for failure of brake drum. Weight of brake drum is another key parameter which is to be considered. In this paper, these two parameters are satisfied by modifying the brake drum into rectangular and triangular finned brake drum by converting the one fourth height into the annular rectangular and triangular fins. The rate of heat transfer and fin effectiveness are calculated theoretically. The model is then designed in CATIA V5R17 software and the heat flow and temperature gradient along the surface are analyzed using two different materials for brake drum i.e. grey cast iron and aluminum 6061,temper t6 by using ANSYS R16.0 software and the results are compared.

In the present work we prime the notion that DNA is an information processing system, receiving – registering – transferring information. In the pursuit of an inherent logic in DNA functioning, we explore the possibility that quantum logic might serve this purpose. We use the quantum formalism to describe the DNA dynamics and as a byproduct we obtain the DNA vacuum. The DNA vacuum, in clear analogy to the quantum vacuum, is a collection of virtual DNA bases. An essential aspect of the DNA functioning is the complementarity relation R, which binds the pairs A-T, G-C, and generates the replication process. Further in an effort to codify DNA, we introduce Gödel’s numbering for a DNA strand, assigning a specific natural number to each individual strand. This numbering allows a quantitative measure of the difference among the various DNA strands. Considering also that the four DNA bases constitute an “alphabet”, we may assume the task to examine if DNA is a “language”.

Back ground: To determine the best and appropriate time of the circumcision we compared the late complications of this procedure between patients who are in different age groups. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted in all the patients referred for circumcision complications. They divided according to age ranges of circumcision performed age to four groups ( neonate, infant, child and adolescent) by the author, during the period May 2010 to December 2013 at a urology clinic. All late complications that obtained from them analyzed and compared between these groups.\nResults:Overall 120 cases of patients were enrolled. Mean age of neonates , infants, children ,and adolescent were14 ± 2.5 days , 4 ± 1.5 months,6± 0.5 years ,and 14± 1.8 years respectively. All of them have been circumcised by classic method. The most common complication was meatal stenosis in 15 (12.5%) and it was also more prevalent in neonates 8 (29.62%) . Traditional (medically untrained) circumcisers were responsible for 85% of the complications and almost. Conclusion: The ratio of late complications of circumcision is significantly higher in neonates and infants as compared to children and adolescent.The results of this study showed for prevention of developing postoperative complications, the appropriate age of circumcision is child, and adolescent. For prevention of debilitating and prolonged complications, It should only be performed in medical institutions by suitably trained surgeons.

Since the usage of wind energy as a renewable energy source is increasing fast, there is a need to keep wind turbines connected to the grid during different grid faults. In this paper, a simple way for improving low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability of variable speed wind turbines (WTs) equipped with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is presented. The proposed strategy consists of a series Superconducting Fault Current Limiter(SFCL) with DC link capacitor and an added PID controller to rotor-side converter(RSC) control process and a conventional pitch angle controller. To highlight the proposed technique, a DFIG is considered as a wind turbine generator. The whole system is simulated in Simulink/ Matlab software. The obtained results ensure that this way is effective in decreasing the fault currents and DC link voltage fluctuations. The voltage dip characteristics are discussed in accordance with international standards for wind turbines.