The main advantage of the theoretical approach is essential knowledge of the mechanisms that allow us to comprehend the experimental conditions that we have to fulfil to be able to get the desired results. Based on our research in ultrathin crystal structures performed so far, superlattices, Q-wires and Q-dots, we will consider the materials that can act as carriers for medicines and tagged substances. For this purpose we established a shell-model of ultrathin molecular crystals and investigated their dielectric, particularly optic characteristics. We conducted this research with the help of two-time dependent Green's function method, adjusted to ultrathin crystalline structure analysis. It is shown that specific resonant absorptions appear in these structures, the intensity of which depends on crystal layers position and on values of parameters on shell-structure boundary surfaces. Hence, it has been proven that outer environment of the film affects the given fundamental properties of a nano film, i.e. that their choice/change directly controls basic physical properties of the film. This could be considered as a kind of nano-engineering. In this paper we will analyse application of nanomaterials in biomedicine, that is to say we will present the recent accomplishments in basic and clinical nanomedicine. Achieving full potential of nanomedicine may be years of even decades away, however, potential advances in drug delivery, diagnosis, and development of nanotechnology-related drugs start to change the landscape of medicine. Site-specific targeted drug delivery (made possible by the availability of unique delivery platforms, such as dendrimers, nanoparticles and nanoliposomes) and personalized medicines (result of the advance in pharmacogenetics) are just a few concepts on the horizon of research. In this paper, especially, we have analysed the changes in basic physical properties of spherical-shaped nanoparticles that can be made in several (nano)layers and have, at the same time, multiple applications in medicine. This paper presents review of our current achievement in the field of theoretical physics of ultrathin films and possible ways to materialize the same in the field of nano pharmacy.

Pyrolysis kinetics of castor seed de-oiled cake (Ricinus cummunis) using thermogravimetric technique was studied. The decomposition of the cake was carried out in nitrogen atmosphere with a flow rate of 100ml min-1 from ambient temperature to 900 ºC. The results of the thermal profile showed moisture removal and devolitilization stages; and maximum decomposition of the cake occurred at temperature of 200-400 ºC. The kinetic parameters such as apparent activation energy, pre-exponential factor and order of reaction were determined using Friedman (FD), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) kinetic models. The average apparent activation energy values of 124.61, 126.95 and 129.80 kJmol-1 were calculated from the slopes of the respective models. The apparent activation energy values obtained depends on conversion, which is an evidence of multi-step kinetic process during the pyrolytic decomposition of the cake. The kinetic data would be of immense benefit to model, design and develop suitable thermo-chemical system for the usage of this biomass material.

Using the methods of the radiodiagnosis the analysis of the perinatal cerebrovascular lesions has been made. The results of the study of the immunogenesis in the patients with the behavioral disorders are presented.

Introduction: Bladder cancer (BC) is a common urologic cancer. Early diagnosis of bladder cancer is critical to improving patient outcomes. Researchers have begun a search for an appropriate marker suitable for the screening of the bladder cancer, which should be specific, sensitive, reproducible, non-invasive and at an acceptable cost. To find the genes that are expressed differently in BC is one of the best ways to create new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Aim: The aim of this study was to use a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain (RT-PCR) assay for the detection of the genes that are overexpressed in the peripheral blood and tissue samples of bladder cancer and compared to normal bladder tissues and blood. Subjects and Methods: One hundred sixty individuals were included in this study and divided into two groups; group I : included eighty patients with bladder cancer were studied in both bladder tissue biopsies and blood sample,80 non-tumor tissue biopsies were taken from those 80 cases as a control and group II: include eighty healthy control. A quantitative real-time (RT-PCR) assay was used to detect several genes expression which include cytokeratin 19 (CK19), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), survivin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and Humanin (H) in the peripheral blood and tissue samples of bladder cancer and compared to normal bladder tissues. Results: For all parameters, the malignant group was significantly different from the control groups. There is a significant positive correlation between mRNA level expression of CK20, CK19 survivin, hTERT and H 6 in blood and tissue of the same patient. There is a significant increase in each of Ck19, CK20, Survivin, EGFR and H6 expression in blood and tissue with advancing tumors [grade G3] as compared to low-grade cancers [G1 and G2] (P ≤ 0.05). The expression levels of the Ck19, CK20, Survivin, EGFR and H6 in blood and tissue were significantly lower in the non-invasive tumors [pTa/pTI] than in the invasive tumors [pT2/pT3] (P ≤ 0.05). Concerning the mRNA of H10 expression in blood was higher in the invasive group than in the non-invasive group (P ≤ 0.05).Conclusion: The present study identified some genes that can be used as molecular biomarkers or target genes in Egyptian bladder cancer patients.