An Original Calendar System in the Heart of Europe: The Dacian Time Measurement at Sarmizegetusa

Sarmizegetusa, an ancient site of profound significance for the Dacian people and their Romanian descendants, serves as a focal point in the study of early European calendrical systems. This paper explores the dual historical locales: Sarmizegetusa Regia, the military and religious stronghold on the Orastie Mountains, and Sarmizegetusa Ulpia Traiana, the Roman capital post-conquest. The etymology of 'Sarmizegetusa' is dissected through various linguistic theories, drawing connections to Sanskrit and local geographical influences. Central to this study is the 'murus dacicus' and the sacred zone temples that reveal intricate calendrical functions. Through analysis of historical sources and architectural evidence, this paper reconstructs the Dacian calendar model, providing insights into the astronomical and religious practices of the time. The reader is invited to engage with the evidence, fostering a deeper understanding of ancient timekeeping systems.