Antioxidant and Antiapoptotic Effects of Combined Sidr Honey and Nigella sativa Oil Against Paracetamol-Induced Hepato-Nephrotoxicity in Rats

The analgesic and antipyretic drug acetaminophen (Paracetamol; PCM) is widely used for treating inflammatory disorders but is known to cause liver and renal toxicity when administered in high doses, leading to cell death through the activation of stress pathways. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Sidr honey (SH) and Nigella sativa oil (NS), both individually and in combination, against PCM-induced hepato-renal toxicity in rats. Forty male adult albino rats were divided into five groups, each receiving different treatments over four weeks. Biochemical markers such as serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine, along with total antioxidative capacity (TAC) and Fas ligand (Fas L), were measured. The results showed that the PCM-treated group exhibited significant increases in serum ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine, and Fas L levels, along with decreased serum and liver TAC. However, the groups treated with SH, NS, and especially the combined SH/NS regimen demonstrated significant improvements in these parameters, suggesting enhanced protection against PCM-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. These findings indicate that the oral administration of SH and NS in combination offers superior protective effects against PCM-induced hepato-renal toxicity compared to individual treatments.