Role of Electrical Forces in Angiogenesis

The role of electrical forces in angiogenesis is widely studied. The electric field (EF) induces polarization of endothelial cells, functioning as a morphogen in angiogenesis. Besides polarization, EF may promote cellular fission in newborn cells. Given the limited direct experimental results on endothelial cell transitions, we applied an analogy to epithelial transitions, utilizing the concept of injury currents. These currents induce oriented cell migration and morphological arrangement during wound healing, and similar principles are applied to understand malignant proliferation.