Ghada Morshed, Laila Rashed
Obesity represents a global epidemic and is characterized as a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition due to adipose tissue inflammation, leading to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequent systemic inflammation. This state enhances insulin resistance and elevates the risk of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of weight loss following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on type 2 diabetes and circulating cytokines in morbidly obese individuals. We included thirty-five patients diagnosed with morbid obesity. Serum samples were collected preoperatively and four months postoperatively to measure fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1C, and cytokine levels, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results indicated significant BMI reduction and weight loss four months post-surgery, alongside decreased FBS and HbA1C levels, with diabetes resolution in 28 patients. The pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β showed significant reductions, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased markedly in postoperative serum samples compared to preoperative ones. The findings suggest that LSG-induced weight loss is associated with reduced pro-inflammatory and enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, contributing to improved inflammatory responses among morbidly obese patients.