The Study of Urban Expansion Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System: Beirut Southern Suburb as a Case Study

Urban expansion often leads to significant environmental and social challenges, including increased built-up areas, reduced green spaces, and strained public services. This study focuses on the urban expansion of the Beirut Southern Suburb over a period of more than 50 years using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). By analyzing land-use changes and road network expansions from 1963 to 2016, the study highlights the increase in impermeable surfaces and the subsequent rise in flood risks. The research utilizes areal and satellite imagery to compare historical land-use and road network maps. Findings indicate a substantial growth in built areas to accommodate population increases, a decline in green spaces, and a rise in unauthorized constructions and property-related violence. These transformations are largely driven by an influx of residents and inadequate urban planning. The study proposes modifications to building regulations as a strategy to curb unchecked urban sprawl and mitigate its negative effects.