Soil Behavior Analysis Under the Action of Three Farming Techniques and the Berseem Development Consequences

This study was conducted at the experimental station of the ITGC in Oued Smar to analyze soil physico-mechanical properties under the effects of three farming techniques and their impact on Berseem cultivation development. The results demonstrated significant effects of tillage techniques on soil condition and crop growth. Direct seeding plots showed a slightly higher soil density with values of 1.42 g/cm3 in November and 1.22 g/cm3 in January. Conventional tillage resulted in a less compact soil structure with a cone index of 0.931 Mpa, compared to a value of 1.136 Mpa in direct seeding plots. The tallest plants were observed in conventional tillage plots, reaching a height of 49.41 cm. Minimum tillage techniques yielded better performance, with green biomass values of 159.6 quintals/ha in the first cut and 191.6 quintals/ha in the second cut.