Photodynamic Therapy Techniques in Cancer Treatment: Advances and Challenges

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative medical treatment that involves the use of a photosensitizing drug activated by visible light to selectively destroy cancer cells. Over the past two decades, PDT has evolved significantly in both laboratory research and clinical applications. Although still considered experimental by some, its integration into modern clinical practice is expanding. The field has traditionally been dominated by a small number of pharmaceutical companies and researchers focused on fundamental science. However, the development of effective pharmaceutical formulations has been constrained by financial limitations. To fully realize PDT's potential in clinical practice, it is crucial to enhance the delivery systems for photosensitizers. This review examines recent innovations in drug delivery systems for photodynamic therapy as documented in recent patent literature, highlighting the need for advanced delivery technologies.